TradeWeave is a free, open-access global trade analytics platform covering 238 countries, 5,022 products, and 30 years of bilateral trade data from BACI/CEPII. It provides interactive visualizations, country profiles, tariff simulations, economic complexity rankings, and trade forecasting tools.

What data sources does TradeWeave use?

TradeWeave combines data from BACI/CEPII (bilateral trade flows), WITS/TRAINS (tariff rates), World Bank WDI (macroeconomic indicators), ESCAP-World Bank (bilateral trade costs), FRED and BLS (freight indices, exchange rates), and FAOSTAT (agricultural trade).

How can I analyze a country's trade profile?

Visit the Country Profiles page and select any of 238 countries to see their export composition, top trade partners, revealed comparative advantage (RCA), Economic Complexity Index (ECI), trade diversification, and 30-year trends.

What is the Economic Complexity Index (ECI)?

The Economic Complexity Index (ECI), developed by Hidalgo and Hausmann, measures the productive knowledge embedded in a country's export basket. Countries that export a diverse set of sophisticated products score higher. TradeWeave ranks all 238 countries by ECI from 1995 to 2024.

Can I simulate the impact of tariff changes?

Yes. TradeWeave's Tariff Simulator lets you model how tariff changes affect import volumes using real product-level demand elasticities and MFN tariff rates for over 1,200 HS4 products.

How far back does the trade data go?

The primary BACI dataset covers 1995-2024 with HS6 product detail. TradeWeave also includes historical trade data spanning over 200 years (1800-present) from academic compilations.

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Year

BIH · country profile

Bosnia Herzegovina

How does Bosnia Herzegovina’s trade profile look? Level of exports and imports over thirty years, structural composition, partner concentration, and the position on the economic-complexity frontier.

exports 2024$9.4B

imports 2024$16.4B

balance-$7.0B

eci rank#72 / 226

products exported3,261

data vintageBACI 202501 (2024, ~12 mo lag)

30-year story

where Bosnia Herzegovina is exposed

Footwear: parts, outer soles and heels, of rubber or plastics (640620): imports 73% from European Union (EU27).
Ranked by import dependency (GeoDep 2022). Single-supplier concentration is the exposure.
Data processing machines: portable, digital and automatic, weighing not more than 10kg, consisting of at least a central processing unit, a keyboard and a display (847130): imports 79% from China.
Ranked by import dependency (GeoDep 2022). Single-supplier concentration is the exposure.
Model a supply shock →
Wood: coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm (440324): imports 100% from European Union (EU27).
Ranked by import dependency (GeoDep 2022). Single-supplier concentration is the exposure.
Medicaments: containing insulin (but not containing antibiotics), for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale (300431): imports 99% from European Union (EU27).
Ranked by import dependency (GeoDep 2022). Single-supplier concentration is the exposure.
Vaccines: for human medicine (300220): imports 71% from European Union (EU27).
Ranked by import dependency (GeoDep 2022). Single-supplier concentration is the exposure.

where Bosnia Herzegovina could grow

Electrical resistors: fixed, for a power handling capacity exceeding 20W (including rheostats and potentiometers but excluding heating resistors and carbon resistors) (853329): proximity 0.20 to current capabilities, complexity PCI +3.63, world market $1.3bn.
Ranked by density × complexity (product space 2024).
See product →
Furnaces: parts of furnace burners, for liquid fuel, pulverized solid fuel or gas, mechanical stokers, grates, ash dischargers and the like (841690): proximity 0.24 to current capabilities, complexity PCI +2.87, world market $1.1bn.
Ranked by density × complexity (product space 2024).
See product →
Machinery: parts of that machinery for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use n.e.s. in heading no. 8436 (843699): proximity 0.27 to current capabilities, complexity PCI +2.63, world market $1.8bn.
Ranked by density × complexity (product space 2024).
See product →
Tools, interchangeable: (for machine or hand tools, whether or not power-operated), for screw-driving or uses n.e.s. in heading no. 8207 (820790): proximity 0.23 to current capabilities, complexity PCI +2.95, world market $3.5bn.
Ranked by density × complexity (product space 2024).
See product →
Spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs: using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR) (902730): proximity 0.20 to current capabilities, complexity PCI +3.37, world market $4.2bn.
Ranked by density × complexity (product space 2024).
See product →

Figure 1

Bosnia Herzegovina: merchandise exports and imports, 1995-2024

Exports grew from $56.4M in 1995 to $9.4B in 2024, a CAGR of 19.3%. The merchandise balance sits at -$7.0B, which is -75% of exports , a simple scale normalisation over the available BACI series. Note that exports are f.o.b. and imports c.i.f., so a meaningful portion of the gap reflects freight and insurance baked into the import valuation rather than a real shortfall in receipts (CIF/FOB spreads typically run 5-10% per UNCTAD/IMF BOP methodology, but country-specific values vary). The more conventional open-economy metric is the current- account balance as % of GDP, reported on the /macro/BIH page.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), f.o.b. exports and c.i.f. imports, summed across all reporters.

Figure 1b

Trade balance, 1995-2024

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), X−M. Positive = surplus.

Export composition

The structural change in what a country exports, from agriculture to manufactures to services, or between HS sections, is one of the most studied transitions in development economics (Imbs & Wacziarg 2003; Hausmann, Hwang & Rodrik 2007). The chart below shows the five largest HS sections of Bosnia Herzegovina’s exports in 2024, plotted back thirty years.

Figure 2

Top-5 HS sections of exports, 1995-2024

In 2024, the top three HS sections account for 44% of merchandise exports that map to an HS92 section, a rough measure of sectoral concentration at the coarsest classification level. Shares here are over BACI exports that carry a valid HS92 section mapping, so the five-section series does not sum to 100% of total exports: some HS6 codes (newer HS revisions, non-standard codes) fall outside the 21-section mapping. Note that the top-5 sections are selected by 2024 share, so a section that was dominant in 1995 but has since fallen out of the top 5 will not appear on the chart.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28) crossed with HS92 section codes. Shares are over the HS6-mapped universe; HS6 codes without an HS92 section fall outside the 21-section totals.

Figure 2b

Export basket by HS chapter, 2024 · top-30 $8.6B of $9.4B total

Cell area is proportional to 2024 export value. The treemap shows the top 30 HS chapters (HS2 level) of Bosnia Herzegovina’s exports; cells are colour-coded by HS section so structurally related chapters share a hue (e.g. minerals, machinery, textiles). The largest chapter, HS 85 , Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, parts and accessories of such articles, represents 10.4% of the top-30chapter total shown. Compared to Figure 2’s five-section trajectory, this view exposes which specific chapters within the dominant sections drive the overall composition.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), f.o.b. exports of HS6 codes aggregated to HS2 chapters, 2024. Restricted to top 30 chapters by value.

Figure 2c

Import basket by HS chapter, 2024 · top-30 $13.4B of $16.4B total

Cell area is proportional to 2024 import value. The treemap shows the top 30 HS chapters (HS2 level) of Bosnia Herzegovina’s imports; cells are colour-coded by HS section so structurally related chapters share a hue. The largest import chapter, HS 27 , Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes, represents 14.8% of the top-30 chapter total shown. Read alongside Figure 2b to compare what Bosnia Herzegovina sells abroad against what it buys in.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), c.i.f. imports of HS6 codes aggregated to HS2 chapters, 2024. Restricted to top 30 chapters by value.

Who it sells to

Figure 3a

World map of export destinations, 2024

Each country is shaded by the bilateral value of Bosnia Herzegovina’s exports to it in 2024, binned into quintiles. Bosnia Herzegovina itself is tinted in amber as the origin; white indicates destinations with no recorded bilateral flow. The map makes regional dependency structures visible, neighbours, former colonial ties, bloc partners, in ways a top-list ordering hides.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), bilateral exports 2024. Geometry: world-atlas 110m.

Figure 3b

Top 12 export destinations, 2024

Partner concentration measures market exposure. The single largest destination absorbs 14% of Bosnia Herzegovina’s exports; the top 3 together take 40%. Concentrated partner bases make bilateral shocks (trade wars, recessions) first-order.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), bilateral exports 2024. Shares are over total exports.

Economic complexity

The Economic Complexity Index (ECI), building on Hidalgo & Hausmann (2009, PNAS) and formalized as the eigenvalue (second-eigenvector) index in the Atlas of Economic Complexity, ranks countries by the productive knowledge embedded in their export basket. Countries that export many products, and whose products are also exported by few others, score high. ECI is predictive of subsequent income growth and structural transformation; see Hausmann et al. (2014, The Atlas of Economic Complexity, MIT Press) for the full methodology and the comparative country atlas. For a non-linear alternative that ranks fast-diversifying economies differently (China, for instance, sits far higher on fitness than on ECI), compare the Economic Fitness metric of Tacchella et al. (2012).

Figure 4a

Bosnia Herzegovina: ECI trajectory, 1995-2024

Current ECI: 0.54, ranked #72 of 226 economies in 2024. ECI is zero-centered; positive values mean above-median complexity.

Method: ECI = second eigenvector of the reflections matrix on the BACI RCA≥1 matrix, z-standardized (eigenvalue method of the Atlas of Economic Complexity, Hausmann et al. 2014). Framework: Hidalgo & Hausmann (2009) “The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity,” PNAS 106(26): 10570-10575, whose method of reflections is equivalent to the eigenvector form (Mealy, Farmer & Teytelboym 2019, Science Advances).

Figure 4b

Export concentration (HHI) and product count, 1995-2024

2024 HHI = 0.008, equivalent to about 125.3 equally-sized product lines.Bosnia Herzegovina exports 3,261 distinct HS6 products. Rising HHI or falling effective-N indicates loss of diversification.

Method: HHI = Σ sᵢ² over HS6 export shares. Adelman (1969).

Figure 4c

Effective number of exported products (1/HHI)

Method: Nₑ = 1/HHI. Adelman (1969).

Niche leadership

Revealed comparative advantage (Balassa 1965) says a country is specialised in a product when its share of that product’s world exports exceeds the country’s share of all world exports. A stronger version asks: which HS6 lines does the country lead the world in? The table below lists the ten largest export lines (by value) where Bosnia Herzegovina ranks in the world top-5 in 2024, restricted to products with at least US$10M of global trade so tiny niches don’t crowd out economically meaningful positions. This is the “niche leadership” view: products the country is not just diversified in, but competitive at the frontier.

Figure 5

Bosnia Herzegovina: top 10 HS6 lines with world top-5 rank, 2024

Bosnia Herzegovina holds a top-5 world-export position in 5of its largest export lines (HS6 products with ≥ US$10M world trade, 2024). The leading niche is HS 281830 , Aluminium hydroxide , where it ranks #5 globally with 5.5% of world exports. Dominant niches are the revealed-comparative-advantage anchors a trade-shock or industrial- policy analysis should start from.

Source: CEPII BACI 202501 (retrieved 2026-04-28), HS6 exporter rankings, 2024. Restricted to products with ≥ US$10M world trade. Method: Balassa (1965) RCA taken to its rank-based extreme, top-5 world rank is a stringent specialisation test.

Peer countries by structural profile

Which economies share the closest structural profile to Bosnia Herzegovina? Each country is placed in a three-dimensional space of economic complexity (ECI), log GDP per capita, and log total exports, each standardised to zero mean and unit variance in 2024. The five nearest neighbours by Euclidean distance in that space are Bosnia Herzegovina’s closest structural peers, similar on productive-capability, income level, and scale of external trade. This is a trade-specific adaptation of the synthetic-control “donor pool” logic (Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller 2010).

Figure 6

Bosnia Herzegovina: five closest structural peers, 2024

Closest structural peer: Belarus (ECI 0.92, GDP-pc $8,318, exports $6.4B). Bar length encodes peer proximity in the standardised (ECI, log GDP-pc, log exports) space, shorter bars are closer structural matches. This is the peer set to benchmark trade-policy outcomes against, rather than regional or income-group aggregates. The metric matches on capability frontier and scale, not on sector mix, so countries with similar export composition but different ECI (e.g. higher-complexity apparel exporters) will not appear here.

Method: z-score each dimension (ECI, log GDP-pc, log total exports) across the universe of countries with all three observations in the latest year; rank by Euclidean distance. Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010) “Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies,” JASA 105(490): 493-505.

Margins of export growth

Hummels & Klenow (2005, “The variety and quality of a nation’s exports,” American Economic Review95(3): 704-723) introduced the split of a country’s exports into an extensive margin (the set of goods it ships) and an intensive margin (how much of each). In their own measure the extensive margin is nota raw line count: following Feenstra (1994), each category is weighted by its importance in world trade. The figure below applies a simplified, count-based version of that distinction to one country’s export growth over time, so the levels are a proxy, not the Feenstra-weighted index. The two margins still respond to different levers: trade-cost reductions and discovery push the extensive margin (Melitz 2003), while productivity and demand push the intensive.

Figure 7

Margins of export growth, 2014-2024

Over 10 years, total exports grew at 4.1%/yr. Decomposition: HS6 line count moved from 3,216 to 3,261 (extensive margin 0.1%/yr); average value per line moved from $1.9M to $2.9M (intensive margin 4.0%/yr). The intensive margin dominates, which under the extensive/intensive logic indicates growth via deepening sales of existing lines (productivity, scale, or quality).

Method: simplified count-based margin decomposition. The extensive/intensive distinction is from Hummels & Klenow (2005) AER 95(3): 704-723, whose own extensive margin is Feenstra (1994) world-trade-weighted, not a line count. Here, extensive margin = CAGR of distinct HS6 export lines; intensive margin = CAGR of (total exports / line count); total CAGR ≈ extensive + intensive (log-linear approximation).

Export basket on the complexity frontier

Figure 8

Bosnia Herzegovina: export value vs. product complexity (PCI), 2024

Each dot is one HS6 product in Bosnia Herzegovina’s basket with more than US$1M in exports in 2024 (long-tail marginal exports below that floor are filtered out so the scatter is legible; the filter drops many HS6 codes for small economies and few for large ones). Horizontal = export value (log), vertical = Product Complexity Index (PCI). Dots upper-right are high-value, high-complexity products (machinery, precision instruments). Lower-left products carry less productive knowledge per dollar. A basket shifted toward the upper-right correlates with higher ECI and higher income.

Method: PCI = product loadings from the second-eigenvector complexity decomposition of the country-product RCA matrix (eigenvalue method of the Atlas of Economic Complexity, Hausmann et al. 2014; framework from Hidalgo & Hausmann 2009, PNAS; eigenvector form equivalent to the method of reflections, Mealy et al. 2019). Basket restricted to HS6 exports > US$1M in the latest year.

Value-chain position, domestic vs foreign value added in Bosnia Herzegovina’s exports, VAX ratio, and upstream/downstream index (OECD TiVA)
Economic Fitness, the non-linear Tacchella-Pietronero complexity ranking, and how it diverges from ECI
Research index, analytical pieces grounded in BACI flows and gravity covariates
Sector monitor, quarterly deep dives on 12 HS-defined sectors
Compare Bosnia Herzegovina against peer economies
Exporter profile, basket composition, RCA, and partners