Apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta, gamma or other ionising radiations, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: (for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses)
What does 2022-2024 of bilateral trade data tell us about the world market for this product? Who exports it, who buys it, how concentrated is supply, and what are prices doing?
HS96 also carries code 902229 as "Apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: (for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses)". Use the revision switch to compare the HS96 long series; this page stays on the HS22 series only.
Create a free account to watch HS 902229. You return to this page afterwards, where the Watch button adds it. We then read the BIS, OFAC and USTR documents published in the Federal Register and list, on your account page, the ones citing it as a full tariff subheading.
World trade in apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta, gamma or other ionising radiations, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: (for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses), 2022-2024
Query
SELECT year, SUM(export_value) * 1000 AS world_usd FROM 'data/parquet/country_year_product_hs22/**/*.parquet' WHERE product_code = '902229' GROUP BY year ORDER BY year;
Who produces it, who consumes it
Exporter concentration reflects where productive capacity sits; importer concentration reflects demand. Large asymmetries between these two distributions are the starting point for any analysis of dependency, market power, or gains from trade.
World map of exporters, 2024
Top 15 exporters, 2024
Top 15 importers, 2024
Treemap of top 15 exporters, 2024
Top 10 importers and their 2-yr import CAGR, 2022-2024
Concentration of supply
The Herfindahl-Hirschman index on exporter shares summarises supply concentration. The 2023 DOJ/FTC Merger Guidelines put the “highly concentrated” threshold at HHI > 1,800 on the 0-10,000 scale, equivalent to HHI > 0.18 on the 0-1 scale used here; the effective number of exporters 1/HHI reads as a count of equally-sized suppliers. That threshold is a U.S. domestic-antitrust benchmark for a single national market , world-trade concentration is not antitrust-actionable, but it is a familiar yardstick and a useful comparative anchor when reading these series.
HHI of exporter shares, 2022-2024
Query
WITH t AS ( SELECT year, country_code, SUM(export_value) AS v FROM 'data/parquet/country_year_product_hs22/**/*.parquet' WHERE product_code = '902229' AND export_value > 0 GROUP BY year, country_code ), s AS ( SELECT year, v / SUM(v) OVER (PARTITION BY year) AS share FROM t ) SELECT year, SUM(share*share) AS hhi FROM s GROUP BY year ORDER BY year;
Effective number of exporters (1/HHI)
Supply concentration dynamics
HHI summarises concentration in a single number; concentration ratios expose how that concentration is distributed across the top of the supplier league. CRk is the combined world-export share of the top-k exporters. Divergence between CR1 and CR5 says the tail is thick (many mid-sized suppliers behind the leader); convergence says the top-1 dominates and the next four are small. Rising CR1 with stable CR5 is the signature of a single-exporter expansion (Saudi Arabia in crude in the 2000s, China in rare earths in the 2010s, Chile in copper).
Top-1, top-3, top-5 exporter shares, 2022-2024
Query
WITH t AS (
SELECT year, country_code, SUM(export_value) AS v
FROM 'data/parquet/country_year_product_hs22/**/*.parquet'
WHERE product_code = '902229' AND export_value > 0
GROUP BY year, country_code
), ranked AS (
SELECT year, v / SUM(v) OVER (PARTITION BY year) AS share,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY year ORDER BY v DESC) AS rnk
FROM t
)
SELECT year,
SUM(CASE WHEN rnk=1 THEN share END) AS cr1,
SUM(CASE WHEN rnk<=3 THEN share END) AS cr3,
SUM(CASE WHEN rnk<=5 THEN share END) AS cr5
FROM ranked GROUP BY year ORDER BY year;Concentration of demand
The supplier-side HHI above measures how concentrated production is. The mirror question is how concentrated demand is: does this product sell to many destinations, or is global demand bottlenecked through a few importers? When demand is concentrated, a single importer’s tariff or recession is a first-order shock to world prices and producer revenues. The importer-side HHI is the same Herfindahl (Adelman 1969) computed on import shares; the comparison of the two series identifies products that are concentrated on one side of the market and dispersed on the other (asymmetric market power).
HHI of importer shares, 2022-2024
Query
WITH t AS ( SELECT year, country_code, SUM(import_value) AS v FROM 'data/parquet/country_year_product_hs22/**/*.parquet' WHERE product_code = '902229' AND import_value > 0 GROUP BY year, country_code ), s AS ( SELECT year, v / SUM(v) OVER (PARTITION BY year) AS share FROM t ) SELECT year, SUM(share*share) AS hhi, 1.0/NULLIF(SUM(share*share),0) AS eff_n FROM s GROUP BY year ORDER BY year;
Price dynamics
The ratio of trade value to physical quantity , the unit value , proxies price when the product is reasonably homogeneous (Kravis & Lipsey 1971). Across heterogeneous exporters, within-HS6 dispersion in unit values is the Schott (2004) revealed-quality proxy. Khandelwal (2010) argues unit values and quality are distinct objects and recovers quality structurally from demand residuals; we stay in the Schott register for this chart. The USD/t axis is meaningful only where BACI reports quantity in metric tons; for HS codes measured in pieces, litres, or carats the USD/t reading is a unit-mismatch artefact, so the chart should be read with the HS6 unit-of-quantity in mind.
World average unit value (USD per metric ton)
Query
SELECT year,
SUM(export_value) * 1000.0 / NULLIF(SUM(export_qty), 0) AS uv_usd_per_ton
FROM 'data/parquet/country_year_product_hs22/**/*.parquet'
WHERE product_code = '902229' AND export_qty > 0
GROUP BY year ORDER BY year;